A thiazide diuretic used clinically to manage hypertension and fluid retention. In performance contexts, it is sometimes misused to reduce water weight and lower blood pressure, though this carries significant cardiovascular and electrolyte risks.
Notes
Hydrochlorothiazide is a prescription medication. Misuse as a performance aid or cosmetic water-loss agent is dangerous and unethical. Acute diuretic use can cause sudden electrolyte imbalance, syncope, arrhythmia, and renal failure. Medical supervision is essential if any use is considered. Not a substitute for proper diet, training, and legitimate medical care for hypertension.
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, increasing urine output and reducing plasma volume. This lowers blood pressure and can produce acute weight loss via water and sodium depletion. It also has a mild vasodilatory effect on peripheral arteries.
Hydrochlorothiazide is rapidly absorbed orally, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 1–2 hours. It is minimally metabolized and primarily excreted unchanged in urine. It accumulates with chronic dosing due to tissue storage in red blood cells.
Typical Dose
Clinical use: 12.5–25 mg once daily. Misuse in performance contexts has been reported at 25–50 mg daily, though this substantially increases adverse effects.
Frequency
Once daily (morning dosing typical to minimize nocturnal diuresis).
Administration
Oral tablet.
Half-Life
6–12 hours (elimination half-life); tissue half-life is considerably longer due to accumulation.